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overlord/Overlord-Client/cmd/agent/plugins/peloader_windows.go
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//go:build windows
package plugins
import (
"errors"
"fmt"
"syscall"
"unsafe"
"golang.org/x/sys/windows"
)
const (
imageDOSSignature = 0x5A4D // "MZ"
imageNTSignature = 0x00004550 // "PE\0\0"
imageOptionalHdrMagicPE32Plus = 0x20B
imageDirectoryEntryExport = 0
imageDirectoryEntryImport = 1
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imageDirectoryEntryException = 3
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imageDirectoryEntryBaseReloc = 5
imageDirectoryEntryTLS = 9
imageRelBasedDir64 = 10
imageRelBasedHighLow = 3
imageRelBasedAbsolute = 0
imageSCNMemExecute = 0x20000000
imageSCNMemRead = 0x40000000
imageSCNMemWrite = 0x80000000
dllProcessAttach = 1
dllProcessDetach = 0
)
type imageDOSHeader struct {
Magic uint16
_ [28]uint16
LfaNew int32
}
type imageFileHeader struct {
Machine uint16
NumberOfSections uint16
TimeDateStamp uint32
PointerToSymbolTable uint32
NumberOfSymbols uint32
SizeOfOptionalHeader uint16
Characteristics uint16
}
type imageDataDirectory struct {
VirtualAddress uint32
Size uint32
}
type imageOptionalHeader64 struct {
Magic uint16
_ [14]byte
AddressOfEntryPoint uint32
_ [4]byte
ImageBase uint64
SectionAlignment uint32
FileAlignment uint32
_ [16]byte
SizeOfImage uint32
SizeOfHeaders uint32
_ [4]byte
_ [4]byte // Subsystem + DllCharacteristics
_ [36]byte
NumberOfRvaAndSizes uint32
DataDirectory [16]imageDataDirectory
}
type imageNTHeaders64 struct {
Signature uint32
FileHeader imageFileHeader
OptionalHeader imageOptionalHeader64
}
type imageSectionHeader struct {
Name [8]byte
VirtualSize uint32
VirtualAddress uint32
SizeOfRawData uint32
PointerToRawData uint32
_ [12]byte
Characteristics uint32
}
type imageImportDescriptor struct {
OriginalFirstThunk uint32
TimeDateStamp uint32
ForwarderChain uint32
Name uint32
FirstThunk uint32
}
type imageBaseRelocation struct {
VirtualAddress uint32
SizeOfBlock uint32
}
type imageExportDirectory struct {
_ [12]byte
Name uint32
Base uint32
NumberOfFunctions uint32
NumberOfNames uint32
AddressOfFunctions uint32
AddressOfNames uint32
AddressOfNameOrdinals uint32
}
type imageTLSDirectory64 struct {
StartAddressOfRawData uint64
EndAddressOfRawData uint64
AddressOfIndex uint64
AddressOfCallBacks uint64
SizeOfZeroFill uint32
Characteristics uint32
}
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type imageRuntimeFunction struct {
BeginAddress uint32
EndAddress uint32
UnwindInfoAddress uint32
}
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type MemoryModule struct {
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base uintptr
size uintptr
entryPoint uintptr
exports map[string]uintptr
importDLLs []windows.Handle
initialized bool
functionTable uintptr
functionCount uint32
functionTableRegistered bool
tlsIndex uint32 // index returned by TlsAlloc; 0xFFFFFFFF if no TLS dir
tlsTemplSrc uintptr // PE template raw data start (for copying to new threads)
tlsTemplSize uintptr // dataSize (template bytes to copy)
tlsTotalSize uintptr // dataSize + zeroFill (total allocation per thread)
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}
func LoadMemoryModule(data []byte) (*MemoryModule, error) {
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//garble:controlflow block_splits=10 junk_jumps=10 flatten_passes=2
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if len(data) < int(unsafe.Sizeof(imageDOSHeader{})) {
return nil, errors.New("pe: data too small for DOS header")
}
dosHdr := (*imageDOSHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&data[0]))
if dosHdr.Magic != imageDOSSignature {
return nil, errors.New("pe: invalid DOS signature")
}
ntOffset := int(dosHdr.LfaNew)
if ntOffset < 0 || ntOffset+int(unsafe.Sizeof(imageNTHeaders64{})) > len(data) {
return nil, errors.New("pe: NT headers out of bounds")
}
ntHdr := (*imageNTHeaders64)(unsafe.Pointer(&data[ntOffset]))
if ntHdr.Signature != imageNTSignature {
return nil, errors.New("pe: invalid NT signature")
}
if ntHdr.OptionalHeader.Magic != imageOptionalHdrMagicPE32Plus {
return nil, errors.New("pe: only PE32+ (64-bit) is supported")
}
imageSize := uintptr(ntHdr.OptionalHeader.SizeOfImage)
preferredBase := uintptr(ntHdr.OptionalHeader.ImageBase)
base, err := windows.VirtualAlloc(preferredBase, imageSize, windows.MEM_RESERVE|windows.MEM_COMMIT, windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
if err != nil || base == 0 {
base, err = windows.VirtualAlloc(0, imageSize, windows.MEM_RESERVE|windows.MEM_COMMIT, windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
if err != nil {
return nil, fmt.Errorf("pe: VirtualAlloc failed: %w", err)
}
}
mm := &MemoryModule{
base: base,
size: imageSize,
exports: make(map[string]uintptr),
tlsIndex: tlsOutOfIndexes,
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}
headerSize := uintptr(ntHdr.OptionalHeader.SizeOfHeaders)
if headerSize > uintptr(len(data)) {
headerSize = uintptr(len(data))
}
copyMem(base, &data[0], headerSize)
sectionStart := ntOffset + int(unsafe.Sizeof(ntHdr.Signature)) +
int(unsafe.Sizeof(ntHdr.FileHeader)) +
int(ntHdr.FileHeader.SizeOfOptionalHeader)
for i := 0; i < int(ntHdr.FileHeader.NumberOfSections); i++ {
off := sectionStart + i*int(unsafe.Sizeof(imageSectionHeader{}))
if off+int(unsafe.Sizeof(imageSectionHeader{})) > len(data) {
mm.Free()
return nil, errors.New("pe: section header out of bounds")
}
sec := (*imageSectionHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&data[off]))
if sec.SizeOfRawData > 0 {
rawOff := int(sec.PointerToRawData)
rawEnd := rawOff + int(sec.SizeOfRawData)
if rawEnd > len(data) {
mm.Free()
return nil, errors.New("pe: section raw data out of bounds")
}
copySize := uintptr(sec.SizeOfRawData)
if sec.VirtualSize > 0 && uintptr(sec.VirtualSize) < copySize {
copySize = uintptr(sec.VirtualSize)
}
dest := uintptr(sec.VirtualAddress)
if dest+copySize > imageSize {
if dest >= imageSize {
continue
}
copySize = imageSize - dest
}
copyMem(base+dest, &data[rawOff], copySize)
}
}
mappedNT := (*imageNTHeaders64)(unsafe.Pointer(base + uintptr(dosHdr.LfaNew)))
delta := int64(base) - int64(mappedNT.OptionalHeader.ImageBase)
if delta != 0 {
relocDir := mappedNT.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[imageDirectoryEntryBaseReloc]
if relocDir.VirtualAddress != 0 && relocDir.Size != 0 {
if err := mm.processRelocations(relocDir, delta); err != nil {
mm.Free()
return nil, err
}
}
}
importDir := mappedNT.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[imageDirectoryEntryImport]
if importDir.VirtualAddress != 0 && importDir.Size != 0 {
if err := mm.resolveImports(importDir); err != nil {
mm.Free()
return nil, err
}
}
for i := 0; i < int(ntHdr.FileHeader.NumberOfSections); i++ {
off := sectionStart + i*int(unsafe.Sizeof(imageSectionHeader{}))
sec := (*imageSectionHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(&data[off]))
prot := sectionProtection(sec.Characteristics)
size := uintptr(sec.VirtualSize)
if size == 0 {
size = uintptr(sec.SizeOfRawData)
}
if size == 0 {
continue
}
var oldProt uint32
_ = windows.VirtualProtect(base+uintptr(sec.VirtualAddress), size, prot, &oldProt)
}
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if err := mm.registerExceptionTable(); err != nil {
mm.Free()
return nil, err
}
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mm.setupTLS(dllProcessAttach)
if mappedNT.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint != 0 {
mm.entryPoint = base + uintptr(mappedNT.OptionalHeader.AddressOfEntryPoint)
}
exportDir := mappedNT.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[imageDirectoryEntryExport]
if exportDir.VirtualAddress != 0 && exportDir.Size != 0 {
mm.parseExports(exportDir)
}
return mm, nil
}
func (mm *MemoryModule) CallEntryPoint(reason uint32) error {
if mm.entryPoint == 0 {
return nil
}
ret, _, _ := syscall.SyscallN(mm.entryPoint, mm.base, uintptr(reason), 0)
if ret == 0 && reason == dllProcessAttach {
return errors.New("pe: DllMain returned FALSE")
}
mm.initialized = (reason == dllProcessAttach)
return nil
}
func (mm *MemoryModule) GetExport(name string) (uintptr, error) {
addr, ok := mm.exports[name]
if !ok {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("pe: export %q not found", name)
}
return addr, nil
}
func (mm *MemoryModule) Free() {
if mm.base == 0 {
return
}
if mm.initialized && mm.entryPoint != 0 {
syscall.SyscallN(mm.entryPoint, mm.base, dllProcessDetach, 0)
mm.initialized = false
}
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if mm.functionTableRegistered {
_, _, _ = procRtlDeleteFunctionTable.Call(mm.functionTable)
mm.functionTableRegistered = false
}
if mm.tlsIndex != tlsOutOfIndexes {
// Free our load-thread per-thread block (held in the slot)
// before releasing the slot itself, so the OS can reuse it.
if data := tlsGetValue(mm.tlsIndex); data != 0 {
_ = windows.VirtualFree(data, 0, windows.MEM_RELEASE)
tlsSetValue(mm.tlsIndex, 0)
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}
tlsFree(mm.tlsIndex)
mm.tlsIndex = tlsOutOfIndexes
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}
for _, h := range mm.importDLLs {
_ = windows.FreeLibrary(h)
}
mm.importDLLs = nil
_ = windows.VirtualFree(mm.base, 0, windows.MEM_RELEASE)
mm.base = 0
}
func (mm *MemoryModule) processRelocations(dir imageDataDirectory, delta int64) error {
offset := uintptr(dir.VirtualAddress)
end := offset + uintptr(dir.Size)
for offset < end {
block := (*imageBaseRelocation)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base + offset))
if block.SizeOfBlock == 0 {
break
}
count := (block.SizeOfBlock - 8) / 2
entries := mm.base + offset + 8
for i := uint32(0); i < count; i++ {
entry := *(*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(entries + uintptr(i)*2))
typ := entry >> 12
off := uintptr(entry & 0xFFF)
addr := mm.base + uintptr(block.VirtualAddress) + off
switch typ {
case imageRelBasedAbsolute:
case imageRelBasedHighLow:
val := (*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(addr))
*val = uint32(int64(*val) + delta)
case imageRelBasedDir64:
val := (*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(addr))
*val = uint64(int64(*val) + delta)
default:
return fmt.Errorf("pe: unsupported relocation type %d", typ)
}
}
offset += uintptr(block.SizeOfBlock)
}
return nil
}
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func (mm *MemoryModule) registerExceptionTable() error {
dosHdr := (*imageDOSHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base))
ntHdr := (*imageNTHeaders64)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base + uintptr(dosHdr.LfaNew)))
excDir := ntHdr.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[imageDirectoryEntryException]
if excDir.VirtualAddress == 0 || excDir.Size == 0 {
return nil
}
entrySize := uint32(unsafe.Sizeof(imageRuntimeFunction{}))
if excDir.Size%entrySize != 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("pe: invalid exception directory size")
}
if uintptr(excDir.VirtualAddress)+uintptr(excDir.Size) > mm.size {
return fmt.Errorf("pe: exception directory out of bounds")
}
table := mm.base + uintptr(excDir.VirtualAddress)
count := excDir.Size / entrySize
r, _, err := procRtlAddFunctionTable.Call(table, uintptr(count), mm.base)
if r == 0 {
return fmt.Errorf("pe: RtlAddFunctionTable failed: %w", err)
}
mm.functionTable = table
mm.functionCount = count
mm.functionTableRegistered = true
return nil
}
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func (mm *MemoryModule) resolveImports(dir imageDataDirectory) error {
descSize := unsafe.Sizeof(imageImportDescriptor{})
offset := uintptr(dir.VirtualAddress)
for {
desc := (*imageImportDescriptor)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base + offset))
if desc.Name == 0 {
break
}
dllName := peString(mm.base + uintptr(desc.Name))
hDLL, err := windows.LoadLibrary(dllName)
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("pe: LoadLibrary(%s): %w", dllName, err)
}
mm.importDLLs = append(mm.importDLLs, hDLL)
thunkRef := mm.base + uintptr(desc.OriginalFirstThunk)
thunkAddr := mm.base + uintptr(desc.FirstThunk)
if desc.OriginalFirstThunk == 0 {
thunkRef = thunkAddr
}
for {
ref := *(*uint64)(unsafe.Pointer(thunkRef))
if ref == 0 {
break
}
var procAddr uintptr
if ref&(1<<63) != 0 {
ordinal := uint16(ref & 0xFFFF)
procAddr, err = getProcByOrdinal(hDLL, ordinal)
} else {
nameAddr := mm.base + uintptr(ref) + 2
funcName := peString(nameAddr)
procAddr, err = windows.GetProcAddress(hDLL, funcName)
}
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("pe: import resolve from %s: %w", dllName, err)
}
*(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(thunkAddr)) = procAddr
thunkRef += 8
thunkAddr += 8
}
offset += descSize
}
return nil
}
func (mm *MemoryModule) parseExports(dir imageDataDirectory) {
if dir.Size == 0 {
return
}
expDir := (*imageExportDirectory)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base + uintptr(dir.VirtualAddress)))
numNames := int(expDir.NumberOfNames)
if numNames == 0 {
return
}
namesRVA := mm.base + uintptr(expDir.AddressOfNames)
ordinalsRVA := mm.base + uintptr(expDir.AddressOfNameOrdinals)
funcsRVA := mm.base + uintptr(expDir.AddressOfFunctions)
exportStart := uintptr(dir.VirtualAddress)
exportEnd := exportStart + uintptr(dir.Size)
for i := 0; i < numNames; i++ {
nameRVA := *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(namesRVA + uintptr(i)*4))
ordinal := *(*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(ordinalsRVA + uintptr(i)*2))
funcRVA := *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(funcsRVA + uintptr(ordinal)*4))
if uintptr(funcRVA) >= exportStart && uintptr(funcRVA) < exportEnd {
continue
}
name := peString(mm.base + uintptr(nameRVA))
mm.exports[name] = mm.base + uintptr(funcRVA)
}
}
// setupTLS handles the manually-mapped DLL's TLS directory.
//
// Critically, this MUST go through the Win32 TlsAlloc/TlsSetValue API rather
// than poking the TEB's ThreadLocalStoragePointer (gs:0x58) directly. ntdll
// owns that array and resizes it as DLLs reserve slots. If we replace the
// pointer with our own buffer sized only for our slot, every other DLL on the
// thread (d3d11.dll, dxgi.dll, ole32.dll's COM apartment slot, msvcrt's
// errno, Rust libstd's SRWLOCK pool, etc.) reads or writes past the end of
// our truncated array on its next TLS access — which manifests as random
// access violations in completely unrelated code paths (e.g.
// D3D11CreateDevice).
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func (mm *MemoryModule) setupTLS(reason uint32) {
dosHdr := (*imageDOSHeader)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base))
ntHdr := (*imageNTHeaders64)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base + uintptr(dosHdr.LfaNew)))
tlsDir := ntHdr.OptionalHeader.DataDirectory[imageDirectoryEntryTLS]
if tlsDir.VirtualAddress == 0 || tlsDir.Size == 0 {
return
}
tls := (*imageTLSDirectory64)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.base + uintptr(tlsDir.VirtualAddress)))
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if tls.EndAddressOfRawData < tls.StartAddressOfRawData {
return
}
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dataSize := uintptr(tls.EndAddressOfRawData - tls.StartAddressOfRawData)
totalSize := dataSize + uintptr(tls.SizeOfZeroFill)
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if dataSize > 0 && !mm.containsAddress(uintptr(tls.StartAddressOfRawData), dataSize) {
return
}
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// Reserve a real TLS slot through the Win32 loader. ntdll grows the
// TEB's TLS array to fit, and this slot is interoperable with the
// plugin's compiled `gs:[58h+idx*8]` access pattern because the
// system keeps that array properly sized.
idx := tlsAlloc()
if idx == tlsOutOfIndexes {
return
}
// Allocate the calling thread's per-thread TLS block (template +
// zero-fill) and bind it to our slot. Subsequent threads that need
// to call into the plugin allocate their own block via
// SetupThreadTLS, but never touch the TEB array.
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if totalSize > 0 {
tlsData, err := windows.VirtualAlloc(0, totalSize,
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windows.MEM_RESERVE|windows.MEM_COMMIT, windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
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if err != nil || tlsData == 0 {
tlsFree(idx)
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return
}
if dataSize > 0 {
copyMem(tlsData, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(tls.StartAddressOfRawData))), dataSize)
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}
if !tlsSetValue(idx, tlsData) {
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_ = windows.VirtualFree(tlsData, 0, windows.MEM_RELEASE)
tlsFree(idx)
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return
}
}
// Patch the plugin's `_tls_index` so its compiled TLS accesses use
// our OS-issued slot instead of whatever index it was linked with.
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if tls.AddressOfIndex != 0 {
*(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(tls.AddressOfIndex))) = idx
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}
mm.tlsIndex = idx
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mm.tlsTemplSrc = uintptr(tls.StartAddressOfRawData)
mm.tlsTemplSize = dataSize
mm.tlsTotalSize = totalSize
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if tls.AddressOfCallBacks != 0 {
cbAddr := uintptr(tls.AddressOfCallBacks)
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if !mm.containsAddress(cbAddr, unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0))) {
return
}
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for {
cb := *(*uintptr)(unsafe.Pointer(cbAddr))
if cb == 0 {
break
}
syscall.SyscallN(cb, mm.base, uintptr(reason), 0)
cbAddr += 8
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if !mm.containsAddress(cbAddr, unsafe.Sizeof(uintptr(0))) {
break
}
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}
}
}
// SetupThreadTLS allocates a fresh per-thread TLS block for the plugin on
// the current thread and installs it via TlsSetValue. Returns a cleanup
// function that releases the allocation and clears the slot. As above, this
// goes through Win32 only — never touches gs:[58h] directly.
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func (mm *MemoryModule) SetupThreadTLS() func() {
if mm.tlsIndex == tlsOutOfIndexes || mm.tlsTotalSize == 0 {
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return func() {}
}
tlsData, err := windows.VirtualAlloc(0, mm.tlsTotalSize,
windows.MEM_RESERVE|windows.MEM_COMMIT, windows.PAGE_READWRITE)
if err != nil || tlsData == 0 {
return func() {}
}
if mm.tlsTemplSize > 0 {
copyMem(tlsData, (*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(mm.tlsTemplSrc)), mm.tlsTemplSize)
}
prev := tlsGetValue(mm.tlsIndex)
if !tlsSetValue(mm.tlsIndex, tlsData) {
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_ = windows.VirtualFree(tlsData, 0, windows.MEM_RELEASE)
return func() {}
}
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return func() {
// Restore whatever was in the slot before (typically 0 for a
// fresh thread). Then free our per-thread block.
tlsSetValue(mm.tlsIndex, prev)
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_ = windows.VirtualFree(tlsData, 0, windows.MEM_RELEASE)
}
}
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func (mm *MemoryModule) containsAddress(addr uintptr, size uintptr) bool {
if size == 0 {
return addr >= mm.base && addr <= mm.base+mm.size
}
if addr < mm.base {
return false
}
offset := addr - mm.base
return offset <= mm.size && size <= mm.size-offset
}
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func peString(addr uintptr) string {
var buf []byte
for i := 0; i < 4096; i++ { // safety limit
b := *(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(addr + uintptr(i)))
if b == 0 {
break
}
buf = append(buf, b)
}
return string(buf)
}
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func copyMem(dst uintptr, src *byte, size uintptr) {
for i := uintptr(0); i < size; i++ {
*(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(dst + i)) = *(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(src)) + i))
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}
}
func sectionProtection(chars uint32) uint32 {
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r := chars&imageSCNMemRead != 0
w := chars&imageSCNMemWrite != 0
x := chars&imageSCNMemExecute != 0
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switch {
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case x && w:
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return windows.PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE
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case x && r:
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return windows.PAGE_EXECUTE_READ
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case x:
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return windows.PAGE_EXECUTE
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case w:
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return windows.PAGE_READWRITE
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case r:
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return windows.PAGE_READONLY
default:
return windows.PAGE_NOACCESS
}
}
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var (
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modKernel32 = windows.NewLazySystemDLL("kernel32.dll")
procGetProcAddr = modKernel32.NewProc("GetProcAddress")
procRtlAddFunctionTable = modKernel32.NewProc("RtlAddFunctionTable")
procRtlDeleteFunctionTable = modKernel32.NewProc("RtlDeleteFunctionTable")
procTlsAlloc = modKernel32.NewProc("TlsAlloc")
procTlsFree = modKernel32.NewProc("TlsFree")
procTlsSetValue = modKernel32.NewProc("TlsSetValue")
procTlsGetValue = modKernel32.NewProc("TlsGetValue")
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)
const tlsOutOfIndexes uint32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
// tlsAlloc reserves a TLS slot via the Win32 loader so ntdll keeps the TEB's
// ThreadLocalStoragePointer correctly sized. This is critical: writing the
// TEB array directly truncates it for OTHER DLLs (like d3d11.dll), which
// then crash on TlsGetValue/TlsSetValue past the truncated tail.
func tlsAlloc() uint32 {
r, _, _ := procTlsAlloc.Call()
return uint32(r)
}
func tlsFree(idx uint32) {
procTlsFree.Call(uintptr(idx))
}
func tlsSetValue(idx uint32, value uintptr) bool {
r, _, _ := procTlsSetValue.Call(uintptr(idx), value)
return r != 0
}
func tlsGetValue(idx uint32) uintptr {
r, _, _ := procTlsGetValue.Call(uintptr(idx))
return r
}
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func getProcByOrdinal(module windows.Handle, ordinal uint16) (uintptr, error) {
r, _, err := procGetProcAddr.Call(uintptr(module), uintptr(ordinal))
if r == 0 {
return 0, fmt.Errorf("pe: GetProcAddress ordinal %d: %w", ordinal, err)
}
return r, nil
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}